Pediatric Emergency Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach

Day 1

Let’s Use Our Heads: Head Trauma.          

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^{GL, COMP}

1. Apply a decision rule generated from a multi-center study to manage head injured children.
2. Manage children who have sustained concussions and apply guidelines from the International Conference on Concussions and other recent publications.
3. Utilize imaging studies appropriately in the evaluation of head injured children.

 Visual Diagnosis.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^{EBM, COMP}

1. Demonstrate the ability to identify diagnoses in children by simple visual inspection.
2. Discriminate among common pediatric diagnoses by asking appropriate historical questions.
3. Employ Evidence Based Medicine and Guideline based management of diseases such as Lyme, Bell’s Palsy, DKA, and other commonly seen disorders.

The Eyes Have It: The Red Hot Eye.

Upon completion of this session, using information from review articles, the participant should be able to: ^{COMP ^}

1. Demonstrate the six-point eye examination and summarize what clinical conditions may be identified by each step in the examination.
2. Treat eye pathology resulting from infection or trauma and relate examples of when to refer a child to an ophthalmologist.
3. Summarize the differences between sinusitis with inflammatory edema, peri-orbital cellulitis and orbital cellulitis.

 Fever and Rash – When to Worry.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^{COMP, GL}

1. Employ a standardized approach to a febrile child with petechiae.
2. Identify distinguishing characteristics of rashes in the child with fever.
3. Enumerate historical clues that are helpful in evaluating rashes.
4. Apply the AAP policy regarding use of meningococcal vaccinations in children.

Pediatric Dermatology: Common Rashes You Should Know.

At the conclusion of this session, the participant should be able to:

1. Identify specific characteristics of rashes encountered in the acute care setting.
2. Initiate appropriate treatment for common dermatologic conditions.
3. Distinguish similar appearing rashes in children.

Day 2

Clinical Clues to Detecting Child Physical Abuse.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^{COMP, GL}

1. Identify findings that are characteristic of physical abuse.
2. Distinguish physical findings often confused with physical abuse.
3. Formulate further evaluation based on the most recent AAP guidelines.

Managing Animal Bites.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^{COMP, GL}

1. Identify those bites that are at particular risk of infection.
2. Summarize the arguments for and against the use of prophylactic antibiotics in specific bite wounds.
3. Match specific infecting organisms with the biting animal.
4. Provide animal bite prevention strategies for your patient families.
5. Apply ACIP and AAP guidelines when providing Rabies and Tetanus immunizations to patients who have sustained an animal bite.

 Pediatric Orthopedic Pitfalls.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^COMP

1. Discuss the unique responses of the pediatric musculoskeletal system to forces.
2. Initiate management for common pediatric extremity injuries.
3. Correlate mechanism of injury, age and anatomy with common and uncommon extremity injuries
4. Avoid traps that obscure subtle pediatric orthopedic injuries.

 The Febrile Young Infant (Birth – 2 months).

Upon completion of this session, using data from landmark studies, the participant should be able to: ^{GL, COMP}

1. Evaluate and treat the febrile infant who is less than eight weeks of age.
2. Summarize those serious bacterial infections for which the febrile infant is at risk.
3. Appraise recent data suggesting that a subset of low-risk febrile infants may be managed as outpatients, without CSF analysis, as per Guidelines of managing the well appearing infant.

 Management of Acute Asthma.

Upon completion of this session, using evidence-based guidelines, the participant should be able to: ^{EBM, GL, COMP}

1. Apply evidence from the Cochrane Database to make decisions about utilizing either nebulizers or metered-dose inhalers with spacers to deliver beta₂-agonists to appropriate candidates.
2. Summarize the evidence supporting the use of ipratropium bromide and corticosteroids for moderately ill asthmatic children.
3. Develop an organized approach to the initial management of children with severe asthma.

Day 3

Improving Medical Decision Making: Patient Safety and Strategies to Avoid Diagnostic Errors.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to:

1. Acknowledge that relying on pattern recognition and memory and making snap judgments may lead to diagnostic errors.
2. Explain the cognitive errors that physicians make most frequently.
3. Develop an approach to medical decision making that will help prevent committing diagnostic errors.

 No Time to Waste – Surgical Emergencies.

Upon completion of this session, using information from review articles, the participant should be able to: ^{EBM, COMP}

1. Based on a child’s presenting signs and symptoms suggestive of a surgical emergency, make rapid management decisions based upon referenced Evidence Based Medicine and validated clinical prediction rules.
2. Administer appropriate diagnostic studies in the evaluation of children with surgical emergencies.
3. Avoid activities that will result in a delayed diagnosis for children with surgical emergencies.

Common Cases Walking Through Your Office Door.

Clinical Cases will be solicited throughout the week from the participants.  These cases will be selected and managed by the presenters. Diagnoses, next steps in management and expected clinical outcomes will be discussed.  The format will include panel discussion and audience participation.

 Summer Scourges

This is the identification, treatment and prevention of common summertime maladies including sunburns, poison Ivy and mosquito bites.  Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^COMP

1. Identify specific signs and symptoms of insect bites and stings
2. Dispel common myths regarding management of poison ivy and insect bites
3. Explain the management of summertime afflictions such as poison ivy and sunburn

 Pediatric Status Epilepticus and Febrile Seizures.

Upon completion of this session, the participant should be able to: ^{COMP, GL}

1. Explain the management of Status Epilepticus in the pediatric patient.
2. Define appropriate laboratory and imaging studies in the acute care setting.
3. Choose appropriate anticonvulsant agents for a child in status epilepticus.
4. Educate parents regarding the prognosis of a child with simple febrile seizures.
5. Evaluate the child with a simple febrile seizure according to AAP guidelines.